Essential Vitamins and Minerals
Vitamins and Minerals
Balance Diet:– It means a diet which contains right amount and types of foods and drink to provide essential nutrients and energy required for proper development of the body cells, tissue and organs. Balance diet should contain right amount of vitamins and minerals for overall development of the body.
Vitamins:
-Invented by Cashimer Funk
-Vitamins are organic compounds required in small quantities for optimal health.
-It enhances the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
– Vitamins are required for growth in children, formation of hormones, blood cells, tissues and bones.
-Vitamins cannot be synthesised/produced by the human body, thus, our diet must contain vitamins.
Vitamins are further divided into two groups-
(1) Fat soluble vitamins, and
(2) Water soluble vitamins.
Fat soluble vitamins – A, D, E and K.
Water soluble vitamins –Vitamin-B complex (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12), C and Folic acid.
Vitamin
|
Vitamin
|
Chemical Name
|
Food Sources
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Deficiency Diseases
|
|
A
|
Retinol
|
Milk, eggs, fish, butter, cheese and liver.
|
Night blindness, Skin dryness.
|
|
B1
|
Thiamine
|
Legumes, whole grain, nuts.
|
Beri-beri.
|
|
B2
|
Riboflavin
|
Egg, milk, cheese, nuts, bread products.
|
Inflammation of tongue, sores in the corners of the mouth.
|
|
B3
|
Niacin or Nicotinic acid
|
Meat, fish, pea nuts, whole grain.
|
skin disease, diarrhoea, depression, dementia.
|
|
B5
|
Pantothenic acid
|
Eggs, liver, dairy products.
|
Fatigue, muscle cramp.
Pellagra
|
|
B6
|
Pyridoxine
|
Organ meats, cereals, corn.
|
Anaemia, kidney stones, nausea, depression.
|
|
B12
|
Cyanocobalamin
|
Meat, fish.
|
pale skin, constipation, fatigue.
|
|
C
|
Ascorbic acid
|
Oranges, tomatoes, sweet and white potatoes.
|
Scurvy, anaemia, ability to fight infections decreases.
|
|
D
|
Calciferol
|
Direct sunlight, fish oils, eggs.
|
Rickets, osteomalacia.
|
|
E
|
Tocopherol
|
Vegetable oils, olives, tomatoes, almonds, meat, eggs.
|
Neurological problems, problems of reproductive system.
|
|
K
|
Phylloquinone or Naphthoquinone
|
Soyabeans, green leafy vegetables, dairy products, meat.
|
Failure to clot blood.
|
विटामिन A,B,C,D,E and K के रासायनिक नाम
Trick– रथ एक टाफी
विटामिन A – र –रेटिनाल
विटामिन B – थ –थायमीन
विटामिन C- ए –एस्कार्बिक अम्ल
विटामिन D – क –कैल्सीफ़ेरोल
विटामिन E – टा –टोकोफ़ेराल
विटामिन K – फी –फ़िलिक्वोनोन
Trick– रथ एक टाफी
विटामिन A – र –रेटिनाल
विटामिन B – थ –थायमीन
विटामिन C- ए –एस्कार्बिक अम्ल
विटामिन D – क –कैल्सीफ़ेरोल
विटामिन E – टा –टोकोफ़ेराल
विटामिन K – फी –फ़िलिक्वोनोन
Check: Vitamin Deficiency Disease
Deficiency Diseases
|
1. Anaemia
|
It is caused due to deficiency of mineral Iron.
|
|
2. Ariboflavinosis
|
It is caused due to deficiency of Vitamin B2.
|
|
3. BeriBeri
|
It is caused due to deficiency of Vitamin B.
|
|
4. Goitre
|
It is caused due to deficiency of Iodine.
|
|
5. Impaired clotting of the blood
|
It is caused due to deficiency of Vitamin K.
|
|
6. Kwashiorkor
|
It is caused due to deficiency of Protein.
|
|
7. Night Blindness
|
It is caused due to deficiency of Vitamin A.
|
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8. Osteoporosis
|
It is caused due to deficiency of mineral Calcium.
|
|
9. Rickets
|
It is caused due to deficiency of Vitamin D.
|
|
10. Scurvy
|
It is caused due to deficiency of Vitamin C.
|
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